Overview

• On September 30, open-market quotes put the US dollar at Rs282.35 for buying and Rs282.6 for selling, according to forex.pk reported by Pakistan Observer.
• The same snapshot showed the euro at Rs333.5 buying and Rs334.5 selling, and the UK pound at Rs378.5 buying and Rs383 selling, alongside largely unchanged readings for several other currencies.
• The rupee’s level continues a long slide from roughly Rs3 per dollar at independence to about Rs282 by mid‑September 2025, a decline framed as roughly 9,300%.
• Reporting traces the currency’s weakness to the 1972 devaluation, the 1982 move to a managed float, a 1990s shift to a free float, persistent trade and fiscal deficits, IMF involvement, and political instability.
• External pressures including oil-price swings, the 2008 financial crisis, COVID disruptions, and 2022 flood losses near $40 billion worsened the fall, with higher fuel and import costs feeding inflation and hardship as economists call for structural reforms.