Overview

• Most of Pakistan Navy’s surface combatants remain berthed at Karachi Naval Base because of maintenance delays.
• Only two submarines are operational, with the remainder inactive and tied up in repair facilities.
• Young officers are completing training on ships that stay in maintenance for months, severely limiting sea time and morale.
• Procurement from China, Turkey, the US and the UK has overwhelmed shipyard capabilities with diverse parts requirements and technical protocols.
• The Indian Navy has expanded patrols and exercises in previously contested waters, exploiting Pakistan’s reduced naval presence.