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OpenAI Releases First Open-Weight Reasoning Models Since GPT-2

OpenAI has made gpt-oss-120B alongside gpt-oss-20B available under an Apache-2.0 license with a worst-case fine-tuning security framework.

Overview

  • gpt-oss-120B matches o4-mini performance on core reasoning benchmarks while running on a single 80 GB GPU.
  • gpt-oss-20B delivers robust reasoning capabilities on devices with just 16 GB of memory, making it suitable for edge and privacy-sensitive environments.
  • OpenAI introduced a worst-case fine-tuning protocol with external expert review to simulate malicious biology and cybersecurity scenarios and prevent model abuse.
  • OpenAI published evaluation code, prompts, and assessment guidelines to support community testing and safe deployment of the open models.
  • Development tools and guides enable integration with platforms such as Hugging Face, vLLM, Ollama, and llama.cpp for diverse use cases.