Overview

• The Centre’s CMS: Education (80th NSS round) reports 27.0% of students took private coaching in the current academic year, with higher prevalence in urban areas at 30.7% versus 25.5% in rural areas.
• Average annual spending on coaching per student is ₹3,988 in urban areas and ₹1,793 in rural areas, with costs rising by grade level to ₹9,950 in urban higher secondary and ₹4,548 in rural higher secondary.
• Government schools account for 55.9% of enrolments nationally, including 66.0% in rural India and 30.1% in urban areas, while private unaided schools hold 31.9% of enrolments.
• Course fees constitute the largest education outlay at an all-India average of ₹7,111 per student, with urban fees averaging ₹15,143 compared with ₹3,979 in rural areas.
• Households are the primary funders for 95% of students who spend on schooling, and only 1.2% cite government scholarships as their first major funding source, with results based on CAPI data from 52,085 households and 57,742 students and not directly comparable to NSS 75th round due to methodological changes.