Overview

• The eTBI method converts forefoot Doppler ultrasound waveforms into a toe–brachial index estimate in under a minute without requiring toe cuffs or optical sensors.
• A study of 155 limbs showed the one-minute eTBI scan matched standard TBI measurements for accuracy and reproducibility across different operators and ultrasound machines.
• Estimated TBI readings rose in parallel with conventional TBI after angioplasty, confirming the scan’s ability to monitor treatment effectiveness.
• By leveraging common handheld Doppler probes, the technique can be deployed in primary care and foot clinics lacking specialized TBI equipment.
• Researchers are developing automated software and piloting the scan in GP surgeries, diabetes centres and community settings to enable non-specialist use and broaden early PAD screening.