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Oldest Known Handheld Wooden Tools, 430,000 Years Old, Unearthed in Greece

Exceptional lakebed preservation at Marathousa 1 reveals shaped wooden tools that expand the known Middle Pleistocene toolkit.

Overview

  • The PNAS study dates two handheld wooden implements from the Peloponnese to roughly 430,000 years.
  • Microscopy shows deliberate shaping and use-wear on an alder piece resembling a digging stick and on a smaller willow or poplar tool.
  • The finds were recovered alongside stone flakes, worked bone and butchered elephant remains at a lakeshore site.
  • A third wooden fragment carries grooves attributed to a large carnivore, pointing to shared use of the landscape by predators and hominins.
  • The discovery pushes back direct evidence for portable wooden tools by about 40,000 years and provides the first such evidence from southeastern Europe.