NYC Subway Air Pollution Exposes Commuters to Hazardous Levels

Study reveals significant disparities in pollution exposure among racial and income groups, with low-income and minority commuters facing the highest risks.

Average PM2.5 levels in subway platforms are 139 μg/m3, far exceeding WHO guidelines of 15 μg/m3.
Black and Hispanic commuters experience 35% and 23% higher pollution exposure, respectively, compared to Asian and white commuters.
Longer commute times for low-income and minority workers contribute to higher exposure levels.
The primary source of fine particulate matter is the abrasion of train car metal components.
Researchers call for measures to reduce pollution levels and protect vulnerable populations.