Overview

• Norway detailed three brief violations this year: a Su-24 northeast of Vardø on April 25 for four minutes, an L-410 over uninhabited Finnmark on July 24 for three minutes, and a Su-33 northeast of Vardø on August 18 for one minute.
• Authorities said these were the first Russian airspace breaches in more than a decade and lodged protests with Moscow while requesting explanations.
• Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre said the intent was unclear and called the incidents unacceptable, as Norway shared radar data with allies and briefed its parliament.
• Following a North Atlantic Council meeting on September 23, NATO warned that such actions risk escalation, and Secretary General Mark Rutte said the alliance was prepared to use force based on available intelligence.
• Estonia reported a 12-minute violation near Vaindloo that prompted interceptions by Italian, Finnish, and Swedish jets and requested UN and NATO Article 4 consultations, while the Kremlin denied any breaches; Poland earlier invoked Article 4 over Russian drones.