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Nobel Medicine Prize Goes to Shimon Sakaguchi for Regulatory T Cell Discovery, Shared With Two U.S. Researchers

The award recognizes the discovery and characterization of immune cells that act as a brake on harmful responses, reshaping immunology and opening paths toward new treatments.

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Overview

  • Sweeden’s Karolinska Institute announced on Oct. 6 that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be shared by Osaka University’s Shimon Sakaguchi and two U.S. scientists for work on regulatory T cells.
  • Co-laureates are Mary Brankow of the Institute for Systems Biology and Fred Ramsdell of Sonoma Biotherapeutics, recognized alongside Sakaguchi for advancing the field.
  • Sakaguchi, 74, identified the CD25 marker in 1995 to distinguish regulatory T cells and helped define their role in restraining excessive immune reactions.
  • At an Osaka University news conference on Oct. 6, Sakaguchi called the decision a delightful surprise and on Oct. 7 he reported the award to the university leadership, expressing gratitude and hopes for clinical progress.
  • The findings underpin ongoing research into therapies for autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, cancer immunotherapy strategies, and transplant tolerance, with the Nobel ceremony set for Dec. 10 in Stockholm.