Overview
- The IGB study of 56 water bodies in summer 2019 detected nicotine in every sample, with concentrations between 7 and 1,500 nanograms per liter.
- Heavy rainfall mobilizes nicotine from discarded cigarette butts into the sewer system, driving up canal concentrations by as much as 16 times.
- Measured nicotine levels remain below lethal doses for most freshwater fish but exceed safe thresholds for small organisms at concentrations above 100 ng/L.
- Each discarded cigarette filter contains about two milligrams of nicotine and other toxic chemicals that leach rapidly into urban waterways during rainfall.
- Researchers warn that declining water flows coupled with more extreme rainfall events could worsen nicotine contamination in Berlin’s inner-city waters.