Overview
- CMS: Education (80th NSS) reports 27% of students took private coaching this year, rising to 44.6% of urban higher secondary students (33.1% rural; 37% overall in Classes 11–12).
- Average annual spending on coaching is Rs 3,988 in urban areas versus Rs 1,793 in rural, climbing at higher secondary to Rs 9,950 in cities and Rs 4,548 in villages.
- Per-student household spending in non-government schools averages Rs 25,002, nearly nine times the Rs 2,863 in government schools.
- Household members are the first major funding source for 95% of students, while government scholarships are first for 1.2%.
- Education costs vary sharply by location and state: urban households spend Rs 23,470 per student versus Rs 8,382 in rural areas, with state averages ranging from Haryana (Rs 25,720) to Bihar (Rs 5,656); course fees are the largest expense at Rs 7,111, with an urban average of Rs 15,143 against Rs 3,979 in rural areas.