Overview

• The peer‑reviewed paper, Why axis inversion? Optimising interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments, was published in September 2025 by Dr Jennifer Corbett and Dr Jaap Munneke.
• Researchers combined a questionnaire with four Zoom‑administered experiments and used machine‑learning to analyze which factors best predicted control mapping preferences.
• Participants who processed mental rotations and overcame the Simon effect more quickly were less likely to use inverted camera controls, with occasional inverters scoring slowest.
• Non‑inverters tended to be faster on the cognitive tasks, whereas inverters were slightly more accurate despite slower responses.
• The authors advise trying the opposite control scheme and say the framework can guide individualized interface design beyond games, including applications like laparoscopic surgery and cockpit controls.