Overview
- An estimated 32% of the population—about 11 million people—lack essential services across health, education, housing, employment, water and sanitation, and connectivity.
- The study separates three groups: 4.8 million are poor by both income and deprivations, 6.2 million are poor by deprivations only, and 4.6 million are income-poor without service shortfalls.
- Rural deprivation is stark at 69.3% versus 39.3% by monetary poverty, with Loreto (62.3%) and Puno (62.2%) highest and Callao (11.5%) and Metropolitan Lima (12.3%) lowest in multidimensional poverty.
- Urban contrasts underscore the measurement gap, with Callao’s monetary poverty at 33.9% versus 11.5% multidimensional and Metropolitan Lima showing 21% poor only by income.
- Findings document deteriorations since 2018 in chronic health, housing quality, and education, and they feed calls to restore INEI autonomy and use multidimensional indicators to target social spending in an election year.