Overview

• Juno mission's direct sampling of Europa's atmosphere shows lower oxygen production, with about 12kg of oxygen released per second.
• Europa's icy surface, believed to be one of the most habitable worlds, may be less conducive to life due to reduced oxygen levels.
• Despite the presence of water, chemical elements, and a heat source, the new data questions Europa's ability to sustain microbial life.
• Future missions, including NASA's Europa Clipper and the Juice mission, aim to provide more insights into Europa's habitability.
• Scientists remain hopeful, emphasizing the need for further research to understand Europa's potential for life.