Overview

• A NATO statement pledged to use all necessary military and non-military tools under international law, but allies have not agreed on new rules of engagement.
• European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and President Donald Trump said shooting down intruding Russian jets is an option, while Germany’s Boris Pistorius and Finland’s Alexander Stubb urged restraint.
• NATO’s top Europe commander, Gen. Alexus Grynkewich, warned that downing manned aircraft carries higher escalation risk and said the Estonian incursion may have been accidental, with interception preferred unless a direct threat exists.
• Recent incidents include three Russian MiG-31s spending about 12 minutes in Estonian airspace, Russian drones entering Poland and Romania with several shot down over Poland, a Copenhagen airport shutdown tied to drone sightings, and GPS disruptions affecting a Spanish defense minister’s flight.
• The Kremlin dismissed violation claims as “hysteria,” while Volodymyr Zelensky used UN meetings to warn that Russian aggression is spreading and to coordinate next steps with NATO’s Mark Rutte and France’s Emmanuel Macron, including support initiatives such as the PURL program.