Overview

• NATO members committed to raising defence spending to 5% of GDP by 2035, allocating 3.5% to core military needs and 1.5% to broader security measures
• President Trump leveraged summit negotiations and warned of trade penalties to bring reluctant allies on board
• The summit’s final declaration reaffirmed an “ironclad” commitment to Article 5, quelling doubts he had cast over the mutual defence pledge
• Spain signed the defence spending pledge despite voicing concerns about meeting the target and faced US tariff threats from Trump
• The communique cited Russia as a long-term threat to Euro-Atlantic security and upheld continued support for Ukraine, with Trump meeting President Zelenskyy on the sidelines