Overview

• GOLD satellite detected unusual X- and C-shaped plasma structures in the ionosphere during calm geomagnetic conditions.
• These formations were previously observed only during extreme events like solar storms or volcanic eruptions.
• The proximity of C-shaped and reverse C-shaped bubbles suggests strong turbulence or localized disturbances in the lower atmosphere.
• Findings indicate that unknown processes in the lower atmosphere significantly influence ionospheric behavior.
• Understanding these phenomena is crucial for improving communication and navigation technologies reliant on stable ionospheric conditions.