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NAACP Sues xAI Over Unpermitted Gas Turbines at Memphis Supercomputer Site

The notice follows fresh scrutiny of xAI’s permit application by Shelby County regulators over emissions in south Memphis.

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An aerial view of the xAI Colossus data center in Memphis, Tennessee, shows some of the mobile gas-fired generators used to power the supercomputer. A lawsuit on behalf of the NAACP claims the turbines are polluting the nearby residents and that Elon Musk's company lacks air quality permits.
MEMPHIS, TN - APRIL 25: Gas turbines are visible at an xAI data center on Riverport Rd in Memphis, TN on April 25, 2025. (Photo by Brandon Dill for The Washington Post)
Rep. Justin J. Pearson, D-Tenn., seen here at an April rally in opposition to xAI's facility, joined the NAACP at a news conference Tuesday to announce its intent to sue.

Overview

  • The NAACP delivered a 60-day notice under the Clean Air Act to sue xAI for operating at least 35 gas turbines without required preconstruction or operating permits.
  • Environmental advocates estimate the facility’s turbines could emit more than 2,000 tons of nitrogen oxides annually along with carcinogens such as formaldehyde.
  • Shelby County Health Department is now considering xAI’s application to permit 15 turbines even as aerial surveys show dozens of units still running.
  • xAI insists its temporary power generation units comply with all applicable laws and highlights its investment in a $35 million substation and $80 million water recycling plant.
  • Local leaders and residents of Boxtown warn that emissions from the Colossus facility exacerbate existing air quality and health disparities in south Memphis.