Overview

• New reporting highlights advice to wait a couple of hours after waking before the first coffee because cortisol peaks shortly after rising.
• El Periódico also notes leaving a gap before subsequent cups to maintain a tangible effect once cortisol declines.
• Harvard-linked summaries cite alertness and metabolic benefits and suggest roughly four to five cups per day for potential long-term gains, with cautions about dependence, sleep disruption and digestive discomfort.
• Large observational studies and Mayo Clinic materials associate two to four cups daily with lower mortality, underscoring inconsistent targets across authorities.
• Coverage stresses wide variability in caffeine tolerance, urging people to tailor both timing and quantity to their own responses.