Overview

• Drinking one to two cups of black or lightly sweetened, low-fat coffee daily was associated with a 14% reduction in all-cause mortality.
• Moderate intake also correlated with lower cardiovascular death risk, but benefits did not increase beyond three cups per day.
• Adding sugar or saturated fat to coffee diminished the observed longevity benefits.
• The link between coffee consumption and reduced mortality was driven by caffeinated brews rather than decaffeinated varieties.
• The analysis drew on NHANES data from 1999 to 2018 paired with National Death Index records to track outcomes.