Overview
- Government ministers begin the summit’s second week after the Brazilian COP30 presidency issued a five‑page options paper covering stronger 2030 plans, climate‑related trade frictions and finance for developing nations.
- Small island states pushed to confront weak national pledges, with 116 of 193 parties having submitted updates that analysts say still miss the 1.5°C pathway by a wide margin.
- Debate intensifies over a fossil‑fuel transition road map backed by Brazil’s President Lula, with notable resistance and talk of either a final decision reference or a voluntary coalition outside the core text.
- Finance remains the pivotal hurdle as countries weigh how to operationalize the $300 billion goal set last year, expand adaptation funding and prioritize grant‑based support over loans for poorer nations.
- Outside the talks, thousands protested and Indigenous groups disrupted proceedings, while the new Tropical Forest Forever Facility drew about $5.5 billion in initial pledges and watchdogs flagged access for more than 1,600 fossil‑fuel lobbyists.