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Microsoft’s MAI-DxO Hits 85.5% Accuracy, Quadrupling Doctors in Simulated Diagnostics

Released in preprint form, the system awaits peer review followed by real-world trials to determine how it can supplement physician workflows.

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Overview

  • MAI-DxO ran a Sequential Diagnosis Benchmark on 304 complex New England Journal of Medicine case reports and achieved up to 85.5% diagnostic accuracy compared to 20% for human physicians.
  • The model-agnostic orchestrator simulates a panel of five AI agents that iteratively refine hypotheses and select strategic tests to mirror expert clinical reasoning.
  • Simulated evaluations showed diagnostic costs were 20% lower than those of doctors and 70% lower than standard AI models.
  • Microsoft has not set a commercialization timeline and positions the AI tool as a complement to physicians rather than a replacement.
  • Medical experts emphasize that formal peer review and trials with actual patients are essential before confirming its clinical efficacy and cost benefits.