Overview

• The Home Affairs Ministry issued a September 22 gazette that designates nodal ministries for monitoring, early warning, prevention, mitigation, preparedness and capacity building across defined hazards.
• The Earth Sciences Ministry is tasked with issuing early warnings for threats such as cyclones, earthquakes, heat waves, tsunamis, lightning, hailstorms, cold waves and heavy rainfall.
• Flood duties are split, with Jal Shakti responsible for riverine floods and glacial lake outburst floods, while Housing and Urban Affairs handles urban flood preparedness and mitigation, excluding early warning.
• Defence is assigned avalanches and oil spills, Health handles biological disasters, and Agriculture covers frost or cold wave, drought, hailstorm and pest attacks.
• Environment oversees forest fires plus industrial and chemical disasters, Mines handles landslides, and the Department of Atomic Energy manages nuclear and radiological emergencies, with all ministries directed to coordinate with relevant agencies.