Overview

• Archaeologists uncovered the remains of a medieval papal palace beneath Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano during preparations for the 2025 Catholic Jubilee.
• The structure, dating from the 9th to 13th centuries, served as the residence of popes before the papacy moved to Avignon in 1305 and later to the Vatican.
• The walls, constructed with reused volcanic rock, show evidence of restoration and may have served defensive purposes during periods of medieval conflict.
• This discovery, described as 'extraordinarily important' by the Italian Ministry of Culture, marks the first extensive excavation of the square in modern times.
• Preservation efforts are underway, with plans for further study to map the full extent of the complex as Rome prepares for the influx of Jubilee pilgrims.