Overview

• The Karolinska Institute named Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi the 2025 Physiology or Medicine laureates in Stockholm.
• The trio clarified peripheral immune tolerance by identifying regulatory T cells that prevent immune attacks on the body, according to the Nobel committee.
• Committee chair Olle Kämpe said the work explains why most people do not develop severe autoimmune disease and deepens understanding of immune function.
• Brunkow works at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, Ramsdell is a scientific advisor at Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, and Sakaguchi is a professor at Osaka University.
• Each 2025 Nobel category carries 11 million Swedish kronor, with prizes presented on 10 December and further announcements this week for physics, chemistry, literature, peace in Oslo, and economics.