Overview

• Autologous fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered around new arteriovenous fistulas reduced inflammation and vein narrowing in many recipients.
• The phase I study enrolled 21 participants, with 11 receiving the stem cells before AVF surgery and 10 serving as controls.
• Most treated patients experienced faster healing and more durable fistulas, though responses were heterogeneous and some did not benefit.
• RNA sequencing and preclinical models identified anti-inflammatory gene signatures in responders, pointing to biomarkers for patient selection.
• The results, published August 27 in Science Translational Medicine, have prompted plans for larger trials to validate efficacy, durability, and clinical impact.