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Massive Saharan Dust Plume Heads to Gulf Coast, Threatening Air Quality

An unusually dense plume—measuring 0.55 aerosol optical depth—arrives late this week, dimming sunlight, suppressing storm formation.

Image
Credit: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR GOES-19
Timing of the arrival of Saharan dust the week of June 2, 2025.

Overview

  • Satellite imagery shows the plume stretching over 3,200 kilometres from Jamaica to beyond Barbados, blanketing most of the Caribbean.
  • Lead AccuWeather meteorologist Alex DaSilva forecasts the dust will reach Florida, Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi late this week into the weekend.
  • With aerosol optical depth peaking at 0.55—this year’s highest reading—health officials have issued air-quality alerts for people with asthma, allergies and other respiratory conditions.
  • The Saharan Air Layer forms over the Sahara Desert from April through October and regularly transports dust across the Atlantic every three to five days.
  • Meteorologists warn that the influx of dry, dusty air and associated wind shear can inhibit tropical cyclone formation during the early Atlantic hurricane season.