Overview
- Spain counted 238,715 births through September 2025, up 0.95% from the same period a year earlier, according to provisional INE data.
- Madrid logged 39,192 births in the first nine months of 2025, a 3.6% annual increase, including 4,676 births in September, up 11.8% year on year.
- Galicia recorded 10,116 births to September 2025, up 1.1%, but 28,033 deaths over the first 44 weeks left a large negative natural balance.
- For full-year 2024, Spain registered 318,005 births — the lowest on record — and 436,118 deaths, yielding a natural decrease of about 116,056 residents.
- Life expectancy at birth rose to 84.01 years in 2024, the fertility rate fell to 1.10 children per woman, infant mortality increased to 3.04 per 1,000, and marriages grew by nearly 10%.