Overview
- Roughly 50–60 heads of state and high-level delegations are meeting on Nov. 6–7 for a plenary and three thematic sessions on forests and oceans, the energy transition, and a 10-year review of the Paris Agreement.
- The United States sent no senior representative, China’s delegation is led by Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang, and India’s leader is absent, leaving notable gaps at head-of-state level.
- President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva announced the Tropical Forests Forever Fund with an initial $1 billion Brazilian commitment to finance conservation through investment rather than grants.
- Brazilian officials say the gathering is intended to shift the process from rule-making to implementation to convert existing climate commitments into action.
- Belém is straining to house attendees with improvised lodging as civil-society mobilization accelerates, and formal COP30 negotiations are scheduled for Nov. 10–21.