Overview

• CSIS analyzed 750 U.S. attacks and plots from 1994 through July 4, 2025, coding incidents by ideological category.
• Through midyear 2025, the study counted at least five left-wing attacks or plots and one right-wing attack, the murder of Minnesota state legislator Melissa Hortman and her husband.
• Over the past decade, left-wing violence caused 13 deaths compared with 112 from far-right attacks and 82 from jihadists, underscoring differences in lethality.
• Lead author Daniel Byman said a decline in right-wing incidents this year may reflect alignment between far-right grievances and President Trump's policies.
• The dataset does not include the Sept. 10 assassination of conservative activist Charlie Kirk, and the administration has also pledged investigations into progressive funding after the antifa designation.