Overview
- A heads-of-state pre-summit in Belém on Thursday and Friday sets the stage for COP30’s formal opening on Monday with the Amazon as the focal backdrop.
- President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is proposing a World Bank–managed tropical-forest fund, including a reported $1 billion Brazilian deposit, to pay countries for preserving forests.
- The official negotiating agenda centers on measurable adaptation indicators and climate finance rather than a binding fossil-fuel phase-out timetable.
- Only about one third of Parties submitted stronger national climate plans by the deadline, as the EU finalized a 2040 target of at least 90% emissions cuts with up to five percentage points from international credits.
- The United States has moved to exit the Paris Agreement and is not sending top-level leaders, prompting concerns that Washington’s stance and the COP consensus rule could complicate decisions.