Overview

• The TOPCHILD individual-participant data meta-analysis pooled 31 trials across 10 countries, assembling data on 28,825 participants.
• Seventeen trials with 9,128 children assessed BMI at about two years of age and found no difference between intervention and control groups.
• Interventions included home visits, group classes, primary-care goal-setting, and digital information, yet none reduced BMI at that age.
• Excluding studies rated at high risk of bias did not alter the overall null result.
• Researchers plan analyses in older children and call for coordinated policies on healthy-food affordability, access to green spaces, and restrictions on unhealthy food marketing.