Overview
- Episode 36 on November 9 lasted just under five hours of near-continuous fountaining confined to Halemaʻumaʻu within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.
- The event produced a combined effusion rate near 500 m³/s, generating an estimated 8–9 million m³ of lava that covered roughly 60–80% of the crater floor.
- USGS reported maximum fountain heights between 1,000 and 1,100 feet and confirmed no immediate threat to homes or infrastructure.
- Sulfur dioxide output dropped after the episode, yet hazards persist, including vog downwind, Pele’s hair reaching more than 10 miles, unstable terrain and rockfalls in the closed summit area.
- HVO notes the eruption is part of an episodic sequence that began in December 2024, expects summit inflation to resume in coming days and documented rare ‘volnadoes’ forming over the fountains.