Overview

• The acid-treated carbon cloth electrode maintained stable hydrogen production for over 800 continuous hours at 500 mA/cm² in real seawater.
• A ruthenium-modified cobalt-molybdenum catalyst on the hydrophilic support achieved a 25% overpotential reduction and delivered 1.3× higher hydrogen evolution efficiency.
• Post-operation analysis detected no leaching of ruthenium or cobalt, demonstrating strong corrosion resistance in chloride-rich conditions.
• Researchers fabricated a 25 cm² electrode prototype to demonstrate feasibility for scaling up to industrial-size modules.
• KIER plans to extend durability testing past 1,000 hours and pursue large-area module and stack integration toward commercial demonstration.