Overview

• Published August 25, 2025 in the Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, the review synthesizes roughly 25 years of research on Sturge-Weber syndrome biomarkers.
• MRI and EEG can detect early brain changes in at-risk infants and help predict seizure risk before the first clinical event.
• A laterality score derived from neuroimaging helps stratify risk and identify which children are most likely to benefit from intervention.
• Urine and blood measures of abnormal angiogenesis show promise as affordable, noninvasive biomarkers but require replication and standardization before clinical use.
• Kennedy Krieger signals plans for biomarker-informed clinical trials of therapies such as sirolimus and cannabidiol and calls for multicenter collaboration and AI integration to advance validation.