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JWST’s ‘Little Red Dots’ Identified as Young Black Holes in Gas Cocoons

JWST spectra of about 30 sources reveal dense ionized cocoons that suppress high‑energy signals, yielding far smaller mass estimates.

Overview

  • A peer-reviewed Nature study analyzing JWST infrared spectra finds the compact red sources are young supermassive black holes enshrouded by dense, partly ionized gas.
  • The cocoon scatters and absorbs UV, X-ray and radio emission, accounting for the lack of typical AGN signatures and the objects’ reddish infrared appearance.
  • Recalculated black hole masses drop by roughly 10–100 times to a few million to about 10 million solar masses, easing tensions with early-universe models.
  • The objects appear to accrete near the Eddington limit, offering a credible route to building billion-solar-mass black holes within the universe’s first 700 million years.
  • Authors report results for roughly 30 little red dots and urge larger samples plus sensitive multiwavelength follow-up to assess how common this cocoon phase is.