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JWST Reveals Lemon-Shaped Pulsar Companion With Carbon–Helium Atmosphere

Spectra reveal molecular carbon in a helium-dominated atmosphere with extreme elemental ratios that existing formation theories fail to explain.

Overview

  • JWST detected clear signatures of molecular carbon chains C2 and C3 with oxygen and nitrogen largely absent, yielding extraordinary carbon-to-oxygen and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios.
  • The Jupiter-mass body orbits its pulsar in about 7.8 hours at roughly one million miles, where intense tides stretch it into an elongated, lemon-like shape.
  • Mapped temperatures reach about 3,700 degrees Fahrenheit on the dayside and about 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit on the nightside, with heat patterns offset in ways models did not predict.
  • Researchers report signs of material flowing from the companion toward the pulsar, indicating active mass transfer in the tightly bound system.
  • The object’s origin remains unresolved, with hypotheses such as a stripped stellar remnant under consideration and further observations and modeling planned.