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JWST Finds Twin Helium Tails Streaming From Hot Jupiter WASP-121b

A full-orbit NIRISS dataset reveals prolonged atmospheric escape that current theories do not reproduce.

Overview

  • Astronomers report the first detection of a double helium tail from an exoplanet, observed around the hot Jupiter WASP-121b.
  • JWST’s NIRISS instrument tracked the planet continuously for about 37 hours, covering more than one full orbit.
  • Helium absorption remained detectable across roughly 60% of the orbit, indicating sustained mass loss.
  • The combined outflows span about 107 times the planet’s diameter, with a trailing tail driven by radiation and stellar wind and a denser leading tail shaped by stellar gravity.
  • The findings, published in Nature Communications, prompt calls for 3D escape models and follow-up observations to determine how common this behavior is.