Overview

• Copernicus data show July’s global surface air temperature at 16.68°C, 0.45°C above the 1991–2020 average and 1.25°C above preindustrial levels.
• Only July 2023 and July 2024 were hotter, ending two years of record-breaking monthly highs.
• July’s extreme weather included floods in Pakistan and northern China, wildfires in Canada, Scotland and Greece, and heatwaves surpassing 50°C in the Gulf region, Iraq and Turkey.
• Arctic sea ice extent fell 10% below its 47-year July average (second-lowest on record) and Antarctic sea ice dropped 8% below average (third-lowest).
• Since August 2024, every month except one has recorded temperatures above 1.5°C relative to preindustrial baselines, underlining an ongoing warming trajectory.