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Japan’s Ruling Coalition Poised to Lose Upper House Majority, Jeopardizing Ishiba’s Leadership

Polls show the LDP-Komeito alliance falling short of the 50 seats needed to govern, putting Prime Minister Ishiba at risk of stepping down or striking deals with opposition parties before a looming August 1 US tariff deadline.

Japan's Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), raises his fist from atop the campaigning bus on the last day of campaigning for the July 20 upper house election, in Tokyo, Japan July 19, 2025. REUTERS/Manami Yamada
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Japan's Prime Minister and Liberal Democratic Party President Shigeru Ishiba, center, attends an election campaign event in support of his party's candidates on the eve of the July 20 Upper House election, in Tokyo, Saturday, July 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)
A pedestrian passes an election board displaying posters of candidates for the upcoming July 20 upper house election in Tokyo, Friday, July 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

Overview

  • Opinion polls project the LDP-Komeito coalition will win fewer than 50 of the 125 contested seats, stripping it of an upper house majority.
  • Yields on Japanese government bonds have surged to record highs and the yen has slid to multi-month lows as markets price in fiscal uncertainty.
  • Sanseito’s hard-right “Japan First” platform is forecast to capture around 10–15 seats, drawing support from disaffected LDP voters.
  • Rice prices have doubled over the past year, fueling voter anger and driving opposition promises of tax cuts and increased welfare spending.
  • A loss of majority control could force Ishiba to resign or negotiate cross-party alliances, complicating efforts to secure a US-Japan trade deal ahead of the August 1 tariff deadline.