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Japan’s Ruling Coalition Poised to Lose Upper House Majority as Far-Right Gains

Projections show the coalition falling short of the seats needed to block legislation, heightening pressure on Ishiba to secure a U.S. trade deal before a 25% tariff takes effect on August 1.

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Election officials count votes at a ballot counting centre for Japan's upper house election in Tokyo, Japan, July 20, 2025. REUTERS/Manami Yamada
Japan's Prime Minister and Liberal Democratic Party President Shigeru Ishiba, center, attends an election campaign event in support of his party's candidates on the eve of the July 20 Upper House election, in Tokyo, Saturday, July 19, 2025. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)
A pedestrian passes an election board displaying posters of candidates for the upcoming July 20 upper house election in Tokyo, Friday, July 18, 2025. (AP Photo/Louise Delmotte)

Overview

  • Exit polls project the LDP and Komeito will win only 41 to 43 of the 125 contested seats, below the 50 required to retain an upper house majority.
  • Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said he accepts the “harsh result” and intends to stay in office to oversee critical tariff negotiations with the United States.
  • Internal critics including University of Tokyo professor Yu Uchiyama warn of an LDP leadership challenge if the coalition cannot regain control.
  • The far-right Sanseito party is expected to increase its representation to at least 10 seats on a “Japanese First” and anti-immigration platform.
  • With both chambers now lacking LDP-Komeito majorities and an August 1 tariff deadline looming, prospects of legislative gridlock and economic uncertainty are rising.