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James Webb Telescope Captures Neptune's Auroras for the First Time

The groundbreaking images reveal mid-latitude auroras and significant atmospheric cooling, completing auroral observations across all giant planets.

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The James Webb Space Telescope captured the first images of Neptune's auroras.
Neptune as captured by NASA’s Voyager 2.

Overview

  • NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has provided the first-ever direct images of Neptune's auroras, captured using its Near-Infrared Spectrograph in June 2023.
  • The auroras were found at Neptune's mid-latitudes, rather than the poles, due to its unusually tilted magnetic field, which is offset by 47 degrees from its rotational axis.
  • Astronomers detected the molecule H3+, a key indicator of auroral activity, and measured a dramatic cooling of Neptune's upper atmosphere since the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989.
  • The findings mark the completion of auroral observations on all giant planets in the solar system and open new avenues for studying Neptune's magnetic field and atmospheric dynamics.
  • Researchers plan to use Webb to study Neptune over a full 11-year solar cycle, aiming to deepen understanding of its unique magnetic properties and atmospheric behavior.