Overview
- As of August 2025, households and firms held €442.4 billion of Italian debt, equal to 14.4% of the total and nearly double their 2021 low.
- Foreign investors owned €1,039.9 billion, or 33.8% of the total, marking the highest share in six years and reinforcing international demand.
- Italy’s public debt reached about €3,080.9 billion, up €665 billion since 2019 for a 27.5% increase.
- The Bank of Italy’s holdings fell to €592.1 billion, or 19.2%, following the end of ECB net purchases.
- Italian banks kept more than €620 billion in BOT and BTP, roughly 20% of the total, while the BTP Valore program has placed about €93 billion since 2023.