Overview

• The Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) opened an investigation on April 11, 2025, into X's handling of personal data from EU and EEA users to train its AI models, including Grok.
• The inquiry will assess whether X's practices comply with GDPR, focusing on the legality and transparency of using publicly accessible personal data.
• X had pledged in September 2024 to stop using certain European user data for AI training but continued developing its models with data collected from May to August 2024.
• As X’s EU headquarters is in Ireland, the DPC has jurisdiction over the case, reflecting a broader trend of EU scrutiny on US tech giants.
• The investigation also underscores tensions in EU-US tech policy, with EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen suggesting potential taxation of US tech firms if trade negotiations falter.