Overview
- Iran Human Rights reports at least 3,428 people killed in the crackdown and warns the true number could be higher, while other exile sources cite larger but unverified figures.
- Eyewitnesses recount close-range fire, sniper attacks and apparent street executions on January 8–9, with morgues and hospitals described as overwhelmed.
- Authorities have released no independent death toll and deny responsibility, attributing the killings to infiltrated terrorist groups, as Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on Saturday blamed the U.S. president.
- Internet access was cut nationwide on January 8 and only partially restored days later, hampering organization of protests and independent verification of casualties.
- The latest unrest began in late December over inflation, currency collapse and water shortages, then escalated into calls to end the Islamic Republic before protests largely subsided after the lethal weekend.