Overview
- Independent monitors NetBlocks and Cloudflare reported a sharp drop in connectivity consistent with a nationwide shutdown, with several state and semi-official outlets such as Tasnim, Mehr, Fars and IRNA reported inaccessible.
- Videos and local reports showed thousands in the streets of Tehran and demonstrations spreading to more than 100 cities since December 28, with chants targeting Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and renewed calls from exile figure Reza Pahlavi for evening mobilizations.
- Rights groups cited rising casualties and arrests, with Iran Human Rights reporting at least 45 protesters killed and HRANA listing at least 39 deaths and more than 2,260 detentions, while official figures acknowledge lower totals.
- Italy’s foreign ministry urged citizens to avoid travel, limit movement inside the country, and refrain from filming or attending demonstrations, warning that journalists and photo-video crews face legal risk without authorization.
- Local reports described gunfire heard in Tehran as repression intensified, with HRANA naming detainees it says were executed and noting a significant number of minors among those arrested.