Overview

• Pedram Madani was hanged on May 28 after Iran’s Supreme Court upheld his 2020 death sentence for espionage.
• State media reported he met Mossad officers in Israel and at the Belgian embassy to pass classified information on critical infrastructure.
• Authorities said Madani, 41 at arrest, received foreign currency and cryptocurrency for the intelligence and faced illegal-wealth charges.
• Last month’s execution of Mohsen Langarneshin on similar Mossad-related charges signals a sustained crackdown on alleged spies.
• Human Rights Watch and other groups note at least 478 executions in Iran this year, a 75% rise from 2024.