Overview

• Iranian judiciary outlets identified the executed man as Babak Shahbazi and said the death sentence was carried out on Wednesday after Supreme Court confirmation.
• State media alleged Shahbazi collected and sold sensitive information on data centers and security sites, using access from his work designing and installing industrial cooling systems.
• Amnesty International and other groups say he was denied a lawyer for months, held in prolonged solitary confinement, tortured, and forced to confess before an unfair Revolutionary Court trial.
• Activists report he was detained after writing to Ukraine’s president offering to help in the war against Russia, a message they say authorities later cited as evidence of espionage.
• Officials and media tied the case to intensified counter‑espionage efforts since the June conflict, noting recent executions, mass arrests, and claims of a dismantled network and links to executed suspect Esmaeil Fekri.