Overview

• Rouzbeh Vadi was executed for allegedly relaying classified information to Mossad that aided Israel’s June strikes on Iran’s nuclear program, including details on a scientist later killed.
• Mehdi Aghazadeh faced hanging for planning sabotage as a member of the Islamic State after receiving military training in Syria and Iraq.
• Both sentences were upheld by Iran’s Supreme Court and carried out under emergency espionage legislation enacted following Israel’s June airstrikes.
• These hangings mark at least seven espionage-related executions since the Israel-Iran conflict escalated, signaling an intensified crackdown on perceived internal threats.
• Human rights organizations have condemned the opaque judicial process, pointing to coerced confessions, restricted legal access, and disproportionate targeting of minorities and dissidents.