Overview

• Iran and Israel have exchanged missile strikes in their most direct confrontation in years.
• Hezbollah condemned the strikes and expressed sorrow for Iranian casualties but has not retaliated.
• Iraqi militias including Kataib Hezbollah have issued statements protesting Israel’s use of Iraqi airspace but stopped short of threats.
• Militia leaders say their integration into Iraq’s state defense has given them political and economic incentives to avoid open conflict.
• Yemen’s Houthis remain the only group carrying out sporadic attacks, targeting Israeli-linked ships in the Red Sea with limited strategic impact.